The PFAS Problem

What Are PFAS?

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of man-made chemicals used for decades in products designed to resist heat, water, oil, and stains. Since the 1930s, PFAS have been used in everything from industrial processes to consumer products like nonstick coatings, water-resistant fabrics, food packaging, and firefighting foams.

They are also used in certain advanced manufacturing applications, including microelectronics, where performance requirements can be demanding and alternatives may be limited. Over time, manufacturing, use, and disposal have released PFAS into the environment.

PFAS are often referred to as “forever chemicals” because their strong carbon-fluorine bonds make them extremely difficult to break down. As a result, PFAS can persist and accumulate over time, making them a significant challenge for water treatment and environmental cleanup. For many organizations, PFAS are a known part of operations and come with regulatory and liability obligations.

How PFAS Enter the Environment

Industrial Sources
Industrial processes that manufacture or use PFAS generate wastewater that is difficult to manage and treat, which can lead to environmental release.
Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
Firefighting foam, otherwise known as AFFF, used at airports, military bases, industrial facilities, and training sites is a major point-source contributor. PFAS from AFFF can infiltrate soil, groundwater, and surface water long after use.
Consumer Products
Everyday items such as takeout packaging, cosmetics, nonstick kitchenware, and waterproof apparel contain PFAS. These products release PFAS during use, washing, and disposal.
Residuals
PFAS are also introduced through waste streams. Landfill leachate, biosolids, and other disposal byproducts allow PFAS to reach water and soil.

Health Risks of PFAS Exposure

PFAS are widely detected in the environment, and studies show that nearly every American has traces in their blood. Over 200 million people may be drinking water containing these persistent chemicals. Exposure has been linked to several health concerns, including:

Immune system impacts
PFAS may reduce the body’s ability to fight infections and weaken responses to vaccines.
Hormonal and developmental effects
Exposure during pregnancy or early life may affect growth, development, and reproductive health.
Cholesterol and metabolic changes
Some PFAS are linked with higher cholesterol and altered liver enzyme levels.
Cancer risks
Studies suggest associations between PFAS exposure and increased risk of kidney, liver, and testicular cancers.

Find additional information on PFAS and potential health impacts from the U.S. EPA and U.S. GAO.

Aquagga’s Solution

PFAS destruction is a critical step in addressing these persistent chemicals. Our HALT technology breaks the strong carbon-fluorine bonds in PFAS, preventing downstream impacts. By treating PFAS at the source and keeping them out of waterways, HALT helps protect ecosystems and communities. Learn more on Our Tech page.